时间过得真快,总在不经意间流逝,我们又将续写新的诗篇,展开新的旅程,该为自己下阶段的学习制定一个计划了。我们该怎么拟定计划呢?那么下面我就给大家讲一讲计划书怎么写才比较好,我们一起来看一看吧。
以音乐为本,以学生发展为本。音乐教育面对全体学生,注重学生的个性发展。
1、所带年级:二年级,六年级,
所带课程:音乐课
2、每周课时:2节
3、学期累计总课时,每班40×4≡160节,
二年级的学生年龄小,识谱能力差,技能技巧方面需要有待加强,六年级的学生在弹琴方面需要加强。
1、突出音乐学科的特点:把爱祖国,爱人民,爱劳动,爱科学,爱社会主义的教育和活泼乐观情趣,集体主义精神的培养渗透到音乐音乐之中,使学生成为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义接班人和建设者。
2、迪智慧、陶冶情操,培养学生审美情趣,使学生身心得到健康发展。
3、养学生对音乐的兴趣和爱好,掌握浅显的音乐基础知识和简单的音乐技能,使学生具有认识简单乐谱的能力。
4、解我国各民族优秀的民族民间音乐,培养学生对祖国音乐艺术的感情和民族自豪感、自信心,并初步接触外国的优秀音乐作品,扩大视野,使学生具有初步的感受音乐、表现音乐的能力。
1、唱、欣赏内容生活活泼、富有童趣,符合学生年龄特点和心理特点的曲子,使学生喜闻乐学。
2、唱、奏、写、动等训练方式,引导学生有兴趣的实践活动中学习,掌握运用音乐知识、技能。
3、身体的协调动作来感受音乐,表达对音乐的体验,使学生在愉悦的活动(唱、跳、画、拍、游戏)中领略音乐美感。接受音乐的熏陶,发展丰富的情感,使学生性格活泼开朗。从中可学习到浅显的音乐知识和技能技巧。
1、⑴看专业书籍
⑵收集相关资料
⑶看电视专题节目
⑷与其它教师相互交流
⑸外出学习
2、科研课题
建立课堂教学常规
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新学期已经开始,为了更好的深化素质教育,提高教学成绩,特做计划如下:
工作中要勤奋刻苦,尽职尽责,为人师表。在教学内容及方法上进行改革,全身心的投入到学校组织的新课改培训,将课改新理念运用到工作中去。
认真学习音乐课程标准,切实掌握新课改的教学目标、教学任务、教学内容、及教学方法。掌握音乐工作重心及部署,制定音乐教学计划,要研究音乐教材,分析每个单元的重难点,为安排教学进度打下基础。调查分析任课年级学生的基本情况,掌握学生的思想情况,学习音乐的兴趣,学习态度,音乐知识,技能基础,音乐能力水平,骨干学生及后进生的人数比例。做到上课之前认真备课,不断改进教学方法,积极运用新课改的教学理念进行教学,做到寓教于乐。
新课改提到音乐教育应以审美为核心,把培养兴趣作为重要理念。本学期要实现以下目标:激发培养学生的音乐兴趣和参与音乐艺术实践活动的积极性。培养学生的音乐感知能力,音乐鉴赏能力及良好的音乐欣赏习惯,培养学生的音乐表现能力及创造能力,培养学生的友爱精神,群体合作能力,及掌握必要的音乐基础知识,音乐技能。
(一)、唱歌教学
唱歌教学是音乐教学的基本内容之一,也是学生最易于接受和乐于参与的音乐表现形式。现行的各类教学内容中,歌唱教学占去课堂教学的大部分时间,其他教学领域也大都配合歌曲的学习进行。
唱歌教学要注意激发学生富有情感的歌唱。在教学中要创设与歌曲内容相适应的情景教学,引导学生把握歌曲的基本情绪和风格,进而引导学生用音乐表现手段,来表达音乐的情感与风格。引导学生体验表现歌曲的速度、力度、音色、节奏与句法等方面的特点对歌曲进行处理。启发鼓励学生在歌曲艺术处理上进行创造性尝试,并对自己的和他人的演唱作出评价,避免简单的按照教师的指示反复进行机械的训练。
(二)、 教学要求
1在原来音乐课唱歌习惯的基础上,再次强调正确的唱歌姿势,加强培养良好的唱歌习惯。
2以提高全民族的音乐素质为目标,极力加强民族性与世界性的综合,刻意追求思想性与艺术性的统一。
3、在音乐课的教育教学中,力求把“唱”、“听”、“认”、“写”、“动”等栏目贯穿于其中,提高音乐素质。
4、继续培养学生正确的练声习惯,力求发言准确而且清晰。
(三)、 本册教材的教学目标
1、 表现要素:a对自然界和生活的各种音响感到好奇和有趣,能够用自己的声音或乐器进行模仿。能随着熟悉的歌曲或乐曲哼唱,或在体态上作出反应;b能听辨不同类型的女声和男声。知道常见的中国民族乐器和西洋乐器,并能听辨其音色;c在感知音乐节奏和旋律的过程中,能够初步辨别节拍的不同,能够听辨旋律的高低、快慢、强弱。d能够感知音乐主题、乐句和段落的变化,并能够运用体态或线条、色彩作出相应的反应。
2、情绪与情感:a听辨不同的音乐,能用语言作简单描述;b能够体验并简述音乐情绪的变化。
3、体裁与形式:a聆听少年儿童歌曲、颂歌、抒情歌曲、叙事歌曲、艺术歌曲、通俗歌曲等各种体裁和类别的歌曲,能够随着歌曲轻声哼唱或默唱;b聆听不同体裁和类别的器乐曲,能够通过律动或打击乐对所听音乐作出反应。c能够区别齐唱与合唱、齐奏与合奏。d能够初步分辨小型的音乐体裁与形式,能够聆听音乐主题说出曲名。
(四)、任务目标
唱歌部分:
1、紧抠教材、大纲,教唱书本上的歌曲
2、遵循每节课前先教10分钟乐理知识,再教唱歌曲
3、教唱歌曲遵循先听录音范唱,再由教师教谱,教1-2遍词,然后教师弹琴生听音高自学,直到正确为止。
4、每学一支歌曲,下一节课应该进行检查,让个别学生起来演唱,若有不正确的地方师及时进行教正。
5、有学习有记载,有学习有考试。使学生真正体会到学习音乐课的意义。
发声训练部分:
在气息的控制下,逐步扩展高音;运用不同的力度、速度、音色表现;唱保持音时,声音要饱满;学习二声部合唱,注意音量的均衡,音色的协调。
欣赏部分:
结合音乐作品的欣赏,了解一些旋律的初步知识(如旋律进行的方式、特点和一般的表现意义),以进一步加强情感体验的能力,加深对音乐形象的感知。
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本学期我担任一到五年级十六个班的音乐课。从整体的情况分析,低年级学生爱唱、爱跳、爱动,对音乐有着一定的兴趣。但由于孩子年龄小、组织纪律性较差,学生的音乐素质存在个别差异,对学生应用欣赏的眼光看待,让他们在鼓励和赞扬声中不断增强学习音乐的兴趣;中、高段年级学生则更注重音乐基础知识的学习和民族情感的培养。学生在音准、对歌曲的接受能力和音乐表现能力方面都需要加强,促进学生对音乐的学习积极性,培养学生的兴趣爱好,加强对上课的管理。 执教的十六个班级学生音乐由于年级课程跨越比较大,我会在视唱练耳、音乐知识、等方面全面提高学生的素质,努力让学生在上课过程中逐步实现全面发展,进一步巩固、完善教学,为学生打下扎实的基础。
本学期教材的知识结构体系分析和技能训练要求。音乐教材内容有:歌曲八课,每课还包括“音乐欣赏”、“器乐”、等等内容,这些内容均有机的联系在一起。本学期教学内容包括唱歌、欣赏、器乐、视谱等,其要求如下:唱歌:学习用正确的口形唱歌,咬字吐字清晰,学习正确的呼吸及连音演唱方法,能够很好的表现歌曲的情感。欣赏:欣赏优秀的歌曲、乐曲、民歌、民间歌舞、民间器乐曲。了解人声的分类和演唱形式,常见的乐器和演奏形式,了解中外杰出音乐家。感受音乐的不同情绪。器乐:各种器乐的演奏姿势与方法,培养初步的齐奏、合奏的能力。视谱:通过学习认识弱起小节、长调、短调等。
1、通过歌唱,对学生进行集体主义教育,教育学生讲文明、讲礼貌,争做文明少年。
2、让学生多唱歌、唱好歌,进一步掌握正确的歌唱方法,并培养学生的自我表现能力。
3、保持学生对音乐的兴趣,让学生乐于参与音乐活动。
4、培养表现音乐的能力。
5、在感受音乐的过程中,培养乐观的态度和友爱的精神
孩子们的生活范围和认知领域进一步扩展,体验感受与探索创造的活动能力增强。应注意引导学生对音乐的整体感受,丰富教学曲目的体裁、形式,增强乐器演奏及音乐创造活动的分量,以生动活泼的教学形式和艺术的魅力吸引学生。提升孩子们对音乐的兴趣。
1、深挖教材潜力,备好课,上好课,让每节课都有一个闪光点。
2、采取适当的方式让孩子们既喜欢音乐更喜欢音乐课。改变以往枯燥乏味的理论知识学习,更多的时间交还给孩子们,在他们乐于接受的课堂气氛中学习!
3、孩子们很喜欢流行歌曲,但现在大多数流行歌曲都是“爱情歌曲”,在教学过程中,我觉得可以有选择的给孩子们多听听他们喜好的音乐形式,但是在这个过程中一定处理好矛盾的“两面性”,在适当时间用通俗歌曲可激发他们学习音乐的兴趣!适当把握好这“度”!
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为了更加合理地安排教学时间,更加有效地完成教学目标,根据我校音乐教学的实际情况,制定了本教学计划。
以往教学从教师的“教”考虑较多,以教师为主,很少考虑学生的学。它的理念是建立在‘教师中心论”上,强调教师作为教育的主体,学生通过教师的教、传授去获取知识,因此学生往往处于被动的状态中学习。现代教育的理念,强调学生的学,以学生为本。所以教育理念定为“以学生发展为本”。
中小学音乐教育是基础教育、是普通公民教育,它有别于专业音乐教育。因此,面向全体学生实施素质教育乃是中小学音乐教育的理想价值观。基于这种教育理念,组织音乐教学活动,必须面向每一个中小学生。其中包括那些对音乐并不敏感或兴趣不浓的学生。音乐课应使每一个学生都能从中受益,都能得到发挥潜能的机会,也都能从中得到生活的乐趣和美的享受。为此,要转变以教师为中心、以课本为中心、以课堂为中心的传统教学模式,提倡以学生为主体,以参与艺术实践和探索研究为手段,以培养学生创新、实践能力为目标的新型教学模式。
音乐教育的目标之一就是要完善学生的个性。众所周知,学生的音乐能力都会因为先天的遗传因素和后天的教育条件不同而形成巨大的差异。因而其音乐兴趣、音乐潜能、音乐生活的方式也会有所不同。音乐本身的非语义性及音乐艺术的自由性和多样性,给接受者对音乐的多解性和个性化的演绎提供了广阔的舞台,所以,一切音乐教学活动都不应该强求一致,应该允许学生的个性得到充分自由的发展,允许学生用自己独特的方式学习音乐,允许学生有个性化的独立见解。这一切,是与面向全体学生相辅相成。
教材编写的思路是:以审美为中心,以(音乐)文化为主线,以(音乐)学科为基点,加强实践与创造,加强综合与渗透,把激发学生学习音乐的兴趣贯穿于始终。
为此,在整个教学过程中,要以音乐的美感来感染学生,要以音乐中丰富的情感来陶冶学生,进而使学形成健康的音乐审美观念、高尚的道德情操以及必要的音乐审美能力。为了实现这一目标学中,要积极引导学生对音乐的各种要素、各种表现手段作出整体性的反应,要积极引导学生感受、体验、表现音乐中丰富的情感内涵,还要积极引导学生感受、体验、鉴赏音乐的美,从而不仅做到现在受益,而且做到终身受益。
以往音乐教材的视角往往单纯从音乐到音乐,很少从文化的角度去思考。近年来国外教育,很重视从音乐文化上去开拓。我们通过学习,认识到作为普通中小学的音乐教育,艺术教育为内容,把单纯的音乐拓宽为音乐文化是素质教育的需要,因此本教材的`内容,音乐与人、音乐与社会、音乐与民族、音乐与大自然的联系等等,把音乐置身于大文化背景之文化主题组织教材。
作为一门学科必然有它自身的体系,音乐学科也不例外。从音乐的诸要素的感性体验认识;从最基本时值“一拍”到各种音符时值;从单拍子到复拍子;从单一音色到复合音色;舞步到动作组合;从打击乐器到有固定音高的简易乐器的演奏等等,教材都一一通过名浅入地步步展开,让学生在实践操作中,逐步获得学习音乐必需掌握的浅显音乐基础技能。
音乐课是实践性很强的教学活动。教学活动要特别重视学生的参与和实践,重视学生感受、体验、表现音乐的情感,重视学生体验、表现、鉴赏音乐的美。在以往的音乐教学活动中,往往偏重于艺术实践的结果,而对实践过程的教育价值重视不足。故此,我们不仅要重视艺术实践的最后结果,也要重视实践的过程,重视这个过程中的探究与创造,重视过程的教育价值,做到“结果”和“过程”并重。在教材的歌唱、演奏、欣赏教学中要加强探究性、创造性活动。在教材的编创与活动中,编有大量的实践要求,让学生与活动中去体验音乐的美感,提高他们的音乐感受、表现、创造的能力。中小学的音乐创造非专业意义上的音乐创作,主要表现为即兴演唱、演奏和形体动作(律动、舞蹈),也表现为旋律的编创,以及对音乐的不同演绎。
其一,音乐学科中不同教学领域间的相互综合。如:演唱、演奏教学与音乐欣赏教学相联系;演唱、演奏、欣赏与音乐基础知识、基本技能相联系;感受、体验、表现、鉴赏与相关音乐文化相联系等。其目的是促使学生在音乐学科内部各学习领域间能够横向联系,拓宽音乐视野,提高音乐能力。其二,音乐艺术与姊妹艺术间的相互联系。如:音乐与诗歌、舞蹈、戏剧、美术、建筑、影视等。其三,音乐与艺术之外的其他相关学科间的相互联系。如:音乐与文学、历史、地理、民族、民俗、宗教、哲学等。
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应对新学期的到来,我真正体会到了肩负重任的感觉,相反,却给了我更进一步搞好工作的动力,为了工作的有序开展,使个人工作和学校工作同时起飞,充分发挥自身潜力,特做如下计划:
本学期我任1—6年级音乐,根据校区的安排及个人状况,我将在任好音乐课的同时认真学习和研究思想品德,不能局限于音乐专业,在工作中不断完善自己。
下面我将重点介绍一下低年级学习音乐的状况:小学生再入学前,尚未经过听宾辨、比较等听觉训练,往往会产生不同程度的差异性。他们在唱歌时常会走调。节拍、节奏也不稳,在唱音阶时也常易走音。这些现象都说明了低年级多数学生他们尚不具备准确的音高、时值概念。因此我将针对学生教育“先入学为主”的特点及时地培养学生准确的音高,时值概念,则将有利于以后的学习使他们具备敏锐的听辨潜力。当然,这种音高、时值概念的培养,务必遵循学习音乐的感知规律。注意学生的趣味性和可理解性,使教学方法既贴合教学原则又符和音乐学科的特点,从而取得良好的教学效果。
1、端正教育思想,面向全体学生,全面了解学生的思想品德,安全,学习和生活、深入了解和引导学生。
2、为人师表,言行得体大方,用心配合学校教育教学工作,认真完成学校临时交给的任务。
3、深入课堂,充分调动学生学习音乐的主动性和用心性,注意启发和诱导学生的参与性。
4、参与学生活动,注意观察并引导部分“不出头的学生”。鼓励他们参与各项活动,从而促进学生的身心健康。
5、在课堂中渗透思想品德教育与政治教育,不断培养和提高学生的思想道德素质和文化素质,使其在的德、智、体美等全面发展。
6、用心参与学校及其区里举行的各种有益的活动,并进行记录与总结。
7、在工作中不断总结与思考,虚心听取和请教各位教师以及有关领导的意见和见议。
中小学音乐教育是基础教育、是普通公民教育,它有别于专业音乐教育。因此,面向全体学生实施素质教育乃是中小学音乐教育的理想价值观。基于这种教育理念,组织音乐教学活动,务必面向每一个中小学生。其中包括那些对音乐并不敏感或兴趣不浓的学生。音乐课应使每一个学生都能从中受益,都能得到发挥潜能的机会,也都能从中得到生活的乐趣和美的享受。为此,要转变以教师为中心、以课本为中心、以课堂为中心的传统教学模式,提倡以学生为主体,以参与艺术实践和探索研究为手段,以培养学生创新、实践潜力为目标的新型教学模式。
音乐教育的目标之一就是要完善学生的个性。众所周知,学生的音乐潜力都会因为先天的遗传因素和后天的教育条件不同而构成巨大的差异。因而其音乐兴趣、音乐潜能、音乐生活的方式也会有所不同。音乐本身的非语义性及音乐艺术的自由性和多样性,给理解者对音乐的多解性和个性化的演绎带给了广阔的舞台,所以,一切音乐教学活动都不就应强求一致,就应允许学生的个性得到充分自由的发展,允许学生用自己独特的方式学习音乐,允许学生有个性化的独立见解。这一切,是与面向全体学生相辅相成。
以上是我对本学期的初定计划,不当之处,望领导给予指出。
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面对新学期的到来,我真正体会到了肩负重任的感觉 ,相反,却给了我更进一步搞好 工作的动力,为了工作的有序开展,使个人工作和学校工作同时起飞,充分发挥自身能力,特做如下计划:
本学期我担任7、8年级音乐课。根据校区的安排及个人情况,我将在任好音乐课的同时认真学习和研究其他知识,不能局限于音乐专业,在工作中不断完善 自己。
下面我将重点介绍一下本校7、8年级学习音乐的情况:学生在入学前,尚未经过听辨、比较等听觉训练,往往会产生不同 程度的差异性。他们在唱歌时常会走调。节拍、节奏也不稳,在唱音阶时也常易走音。这些现象都说明了低年级多数学生他们尚不具备准确的音高、时值概念。因此我将针对学生教育“先入学为主”的特点及时地培养学生准确的音高,时值概念,则将有利于以后的学习使他们具备敏锐的听辨能力。当然,这种音高、时值概念的培养,必须遵循学习音乐的感知规律。注意学生的趣味性和可接受性,使教学方法既符合教学原则又符和音乐学科的特点,从而取得良好的教学效果。
为保证教学工作的实施,再工作中自我要求如下:
1、端正教育思想,面向全体学生,全 面了解学生的思想品德,安全,学习和生活、深入了解和引导学生。
2、为人师表,言行得体大方,积极配合学校教育教学工作,认真完成学校临时交给的任务。
3、深入课堂,充分调动学生学习音乐的主动性和积极性,注意启发和诱导学生的参与性 参与性。
4、参与学生活动,注意观察并引导部分“不出头的学生”。鼓励他们参与各项活动,从而促进学生的身心健康 。
5、在课堂中渗透思想品德教育与政治教育,不断培养和提高学生的思想道德素质和文化素质,同时在德、智、体美等全面发展。
6、积极参与学校及其校区举行的各种有益的活动,并进行记录与总结。
7、在工作中不断总结与思考,虚心听取和请教各位教师以及有关领导的意见和见议。
以上是我对本学年的初定计划,不当之处,望各位领导给予指出。
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新的学期已经开始,这学期我任新的七年级3—10班的音乐教学工作。周课时8节,属一个进度。我任的教学班当中有三个大班,学额都在65人以上,一个俄语班,4个小额的实验班。主要教学特色是竖笛教学,将竖笛在我校全面的开展起来。
具体教学工作计划如下:
一、教育教学方面:
由于各个小学的音乐教学程度有所不同,因此这学期主要做普及音乐知识的教学和训练,乐器的学习并不难,关键对于一些一点没有音乐知识、不识谱的同学就有些困难,所以首先要解决的是简单的音乐知识的学习和培养学习的兴趣,从兴趣入手,调动学生学习的积极性。
1、通过课件多媒体教学,先让学生熟悉、了解、听辩西洋乐器中的单一音色,对学生鉴赏作品有较大帮助;
2、在学习竖笛之前,先由教师示范演奏流行歌曲,这样使学生因为喜爱而想学这件乐器。不放弃每个学生,从简单到难,让他们有着自己的成就感。
3、教师充分利用影视资源进行辅助教学,拓宽学生音乐视野。
4、适当放松课堂,让学生有时间、有空间开办音乐会的形式,发挥学生个性特长,充分展示自我。本学期是新生入学因此要充分了解学生,在班级举行乐器演奏会,歌曲表演等形式,让学生充分积极的参与到音乐课堂当中来。
5、采取灵活多样的教学形式,使学生充分参与到课堂教学活动中来。特别是在小班额的实验班教学当中,让每个学生都得到充分的展示。
二、第二课堂方面:
本学期要举办二年一届的校园文化艺术节,这是学生充分展示个人才艺和特长的关键性活动,在音乐方面可分为舞蹈、器乐和声乐三个大方面:
1、舞蹈比赛主要是以班级为单位出群舞、双人舞或独舞,要出一台舞蹈专场,这种形式使班级荣誉和凝聚力集中的时刻,而且在校园可以使舞蹈百花齐放。
2、声乐比赛是放宽到有特长的同学就可以参加,进行初赛和复赛的选拔评出奖项,在由音乐教师组合参加汇报演出。
3、将在七年级各班进行班级的声乐表演,选拔唱的好的同学进行培训,组成小型的合唱队。
4、器乐比赛先在各班进行,然后统一学校进行比赛,乐器种类不限,每种乐器都可以参加,根据程度评奖。
5、选拔乐器特长的同学组织民乐队,和西洋管弦乐队,以便在市区的各项活动中组织大型的演出。
三、教科研方面:
根据区进修学校音乐教研的安排,全区音乐教师申请了中小学器乐合唱的研究,我现在正在进行器乐进课堂的探试中,许多课上、课下的进展都在进一步的尝试中,参加课题研究是一种成长,还可以把做的点滴都记录下来,为将来的器乐教学积累经验,能够更好的发挥自己长处推动教学。在合唱教学方面,也要开始努力探索,虽然对于中学合唱教学有一定的难度,但是只是肯做就会有成效。
平时训练的特长班学生,强化基本功训练,适当的组里的同事一起排练一些舞蹈作品,有机会为学生提供锻炼的机会,让她们在实践中成就自我。养兵千日,用兵一时,在各级各类比赛中充分发挥学生的音乐特长,最终走向成功。
本学期我担任七年级和八年级的音乐课教学工作,为了在教学中有明确的方向和目标,让教学工作开展得更好,本学期制定计划如下:
认真贯彻党的教育方针和政策,全面推进素质教育,努力提高学生的音乐综合素质,培养青少年学生对音乐艺术的学习兴趣。既能有效的促进学生的艺术修养,与文化学习相辅相成,让学生成为建设祖国所需要的“四有”新人。
学生来自不同的小学所以学生的乐理知识存在一定的差距,更不用说对音乐内容的理解。还有少数学生对音乐课根本就没有兴趣,不愿参加音乐活动,更有甚者连一首完整的歌曲都不能唱出来,不要说其它的音乐知识了;因此,想在短期内将学生的素质提高,那是有一定的困难的。
教材是人民教育出版社出版教材,内容非常丰富,生动活泼、图文并茂;教材分为以下七个单元:中学时代、祖国颂歌、金色的秋天、神州大地、环球之旅、旋转舞台、多彩贵州之苗族。涉及到声乐、乐理、器乐演奏、乐曲欣赏等内容。
1、突出音乐学科的特点,把爱祖国、爱人民、爱劳动、爱科学、爱社会主义社会教育和活泼乐观情绪、集体主义精神的培养渗透到音乐教育之中,让学生成为四有新人,并让其成为社会主义接班人和建设者。
2、启迪智慧、陶冶情操,培养审美情趣,让学生身得到健康发展。
3、培养学生对音乐的兴趣爱好,掌握浅显的音乐基知识和简单的音乐技能,让学生具有认识简单乐谱的能力。
4、了解我国各民族优秀的民族民间音乐,培养学生对祖国音乐艺术的感情和民族自豪感、自信心。
5、初步接触外国的优秀音乐作品,扩大视野,让学生具有初步的感受音乐、表现音乐的能力。
1、备课时转变教学思想观念,注意与新课标结合,并注意备学生,在备课时,应紧抓住培养学生的审美能力为核心和围绕感受、体验情感这两点来设计教案。
2、充分调动学生的学习兴趣,因材施教,对不同的学生要注意采用不同的教学手法,让学生能够充分发展。
4、课堂形式设计多样,充满知识性、趣味性、探索性、挑战性以及表演性。最大限度的调动学生的积极性。
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