制定计划前,要分析研究工作现状,充分了解下一步工作是在什么基础上进行的,是依据什么来制定这个计划的。写计划的时候需要注意什么呢?有哪些格式需要注意呢?下面是小编为大家带来的计划书优秀范文,希望大家可以喜欢。
物理实验是学生进行科学探究的重要方式,实验室则是学生学习和进行实验的主要场所,是物理探究学习的主要资源。因此,学校高度重视物理实验室建设,配置必要的仪器和设备,确保每个学生都能进行实验探究活动,为学生开展实验探究活动创造了良好的条件。
中学物理实验教学的目的与任务是通过实验使学生最有效地掌握进一步学习现代科学技术所必需的基础物理知识,培养初步的实践操作技能和创新能力。教学的重点放在培养学生科学实验能力与提高学生科学实验素养,使学生在获取知识的同时提高自学能力、运用知识的综合分析能力、动手能力和设计创新能力。 初中物理是九年义务教育必修的一门基础课程。根据《九年义务教育全日制初级中学物理教学大纲》和新课程标准,其中要求学生具备的能力之一就是形成初步的观察和实验能力,做到有目的地观察,辩明观察对象的主要特征及其变化条件,能了解实验目的,会正确使用仪器,会作必要的记录,会根据实验结果得出结论,会写简单的实验报告。
实验教学作为物理教学中的一个重要内容和重要手段,因此实验室工作直接关系到物理教学工作是否能顺利进行。因此实验室必须建立和健全科学、规范的管理体制,实行规范的管理。
1、制订规章制度,科学规范管理
2、按照学校各类规章制度,并认真执行。
3、制订学期实验计划表、周历表。
4、开足开齐各类实验,并积极创造条件改演示实验为分组实验,积极服务于教学。
5、充分利用生活中身边的实验器材的作用,结合实验室条件进行分组实验。
6、做好仪器、器材的常规维修和保养工作。
7、做好仪器的借出、归还验收工作。
8、有必要时,可以自制一些教具。
9、做好仪器、器材的补充计划。
10、做好各类台帐的记录工作。结合采用电子档案。
11、结合学校常规管理,保持实验室的常清洁。
初三物理学生分组实验安排表
����
����è·ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½ð£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ú¼ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²é£¬ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò°ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ð£ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö§ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ö°ï¿½è«ï¿½â¹ê¡ï¿½
����
����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î£¬ï¿½ä¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§"��êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿"�ä·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½î»¯ï¿½ä¸ï£¬ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½ï¿½ç¡ï¿½ï¿½å¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½æ·¢õ¹ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½í»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
������ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¶ôµï¿½öµï¿½×ºï¿½æ·ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è¡ï¿½êµï¿½ö¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����ð��ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ñ¡ï¿½í¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¿êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ·ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ê£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½
����
����îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¾ï¿½è¸ï¿½ï¿½ö¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½éµµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
��������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ñ§ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½í½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ô´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£ï¿½ñ§ð£ï¿½ß¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½è£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½îªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹êµï¿½ï¿½ì½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¶¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ö´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú»ï¿½è¡öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½í¬ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½öªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ûºï·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ���������ç¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þµï¿½ò»ï¿½å»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³ì¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ù¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì±ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö®ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î³é³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½äµø¹û²ì£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ä£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ä¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½û£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½òµ¥µï¿½êµï¿½é±¨ï¿½æ¡£
����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ðµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ýºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ö¶î£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö±ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ïµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò±ï¿½ï¿½ë½¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ£ï¿½êµï¿½ð¹æ·¶ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����
����1���æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ·¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö´ï¿½ð¡ï¿½
����3���æ¶ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����4�����㿪�����êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½
����5������������������ߵ�êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¡£
����6���������������äµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½þºí±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����7�����������ä½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é»¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����8���ð±ï¿½òªê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ì¾ß¡ï¿½
����9���������������äµä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����10�����ã¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½êµä¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï²ï¿½ï¿½ãµï¿½ï¿½óµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����11�����ñ§ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµä³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£
������������ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é°²ï¿½å±ï¿½
确保实验室安全,明确实验室职责,定期检查,建立管理责任人自查,强化安全意识。以实验室安全责任人为主、实验指导教师配合、校领导关心支持、学生配合,确保实验室不出现各种安全事故。
实验室工作人员积极配合指导教师,精心准备实验,保证教学任务顺利完成,教学效果良好。更新思想观念,改革内容方法,加强素质教育,提高教育质量。按照三星中学"做实,做强"的发展步骤,深化改革,扎实工作,为培养德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的基础知识和基本技能扎实、具有创新精神实践能力的优秀学生。
加强对仪器设备的管理、维护,做好对低值易耗品的管理。健全报损制度、仪器领用制度。实现计算机管理。
协助学校做好实验室的仪器设备补充,仪器的论证选型购买等工作,加强实验室的仪器设备的完好率。做好本年度仪器设备购置,充分考虑学科发展趋势,坚持结合实际,适当超前。
为三星中学的实验室评估合格,做好实验室的教学计划、日常管理、安全工作、工作日志等各种工作文件的归类、归档、整理工作。
����îªï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½á³¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë£¬ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¿î³ì¼æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ë¼î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ç¿ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í´ï¿½ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����1����ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����������ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ£ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ä¹ø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á¹©ï¿½ë¸ï¿½ï¿½ó¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä»î¶¯ï¿½õ¼ï¿½ï¿½ë¼î¬ï¿½õ¼ä¡£êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾ï¿½üºüºãµø¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½è¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹û²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¶ï¿½ê¹ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â½ì²ï¿½ï¿½ðµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à£¬îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½é¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½èºï¿½ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ó£¬¼ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªò»ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½âµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö³éµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½è·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×µï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����2������î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½
�������������î³ì½ï¿½ñ§ä¿ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ñ§ï¿½úµä½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï±ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ð£¬ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºã¸ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½é¡£ñ§ï¿½ú³ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¼¶ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶ï¿½ï¿½ã±ï¿½ñ§ï¿½úµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½æ»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ°ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿îµï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ì£¬ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½é£¬ï¿½ï¿½è·ï¿½ïºï¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ù½ï¿½ö®ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ¿îµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������⣬��ñ§ï¿½ú»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï´ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ£¬¾ï¿½ï¿½ç³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¡ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°²ï¿½åºã£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹»ï¿½ä²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ô±ã±£ö¤è«ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¹¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ãµï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¶à£¬ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ï¿½ð£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¡ï¿½
����3����ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½üºí´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
�������ú±ï¿½ï¿½ë½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¼ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½çºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½è·¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ä¾¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½í·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½
�����ü¶ï¿½ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ó£¬¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú·ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î»ï¿½ã¡ï¿½
����4��������è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¿ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¾êµï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ì½«êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ëµ¥ï¿½í¸ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ã½«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è»¹ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»µ¸ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ç¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ç°ò»ï¿½ü½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½í¨öªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¸ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô±ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½åºã¡ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ê±òªñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ç±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¿¨ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ð©ï¿½ï¿½øµï¿½ì¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ïµä¼ï¿½â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò½ï¿½î¯ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±¸ä¿â¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½æ¶¨ï¿½ä·ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½ï¿½å¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç¼ç£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê²á¡¢ï¿½ï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ñ¿¨µè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¹æ¶¨ï¿½ä±ï¿½ç©ï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ú³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ó¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø±ï¿½ï¿½çµï¿½öµï¿½×ºï¿½æ·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ºï¿½ï¿½
����ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ä©ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½äºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±¸ï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ïºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½â³¥ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ìµ¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������õ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êºï¿½êµï¿½é¿ªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¿ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¿î½ï¿½ê¦ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£ï¿½ï¿½ß¸é±ï¿½ï¿½ð¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô²ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ß¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ë®æ½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����5������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½þ¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
������î·ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½.�����ê£ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã£ï¿½ï¿½ø¼ï¿½ò»ï¿½ã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½þºï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»µ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ý²ï¿½í¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½øµã£¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ü¹ï¿½èµè£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è«ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½á´®ê¼ï¿½õ¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã·ï¿½ê¼¾ï¿½ú£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä·ï¿½ã¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¢ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ø¸ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½í¨ï¿½ç¡£îªï¿½ë£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªêµï¿½ï¿½ô±òªï¿½ô¡ï¿½ï¿½ú¡ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï°ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú¶ï¿½ï¿½ö¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½þ¸ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è±ï¿½ùµï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ú£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½îªï¿½ï¿½ð©ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ê¹ï¿½ã±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð»µ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ê±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½ê½ð£¬±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ñ§ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ð¡ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½×¨òµöªê¶ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òª×¢ï¿½â²»ï¿½ï½ï¿½ï¿½þ£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ô¼ï¿½î¬ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����6������êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
����êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä±ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡¢ï¿½å´ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½à¡£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò¼ï¿½êµï¿½ï¿½×¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ò£ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ç°ï¿½ï¿½ä¼ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â£¬ï¿½ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½å¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½þ³ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ä¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â¡ï¿½îªï¿½ë£ï¿½òªï¿½ï¿½ö¤ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ã¿ï¿½ï¿½ò»ï¿½î´ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½é¨ï¿½ï¿½æ½ê±×¢ï¿½â¾ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ôµï¿½é¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¡ï¿½ä¨ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½è¹ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
为了全面贯彻国家教育方针,落实初中物理新课程计划,提高学生的实验能力,培养学生的观察能力、实验能力、科学思维能力、分析解决问题的能力,提高学习兴趣,从而进一步强化学生的动手能力和实验水平,激发学生的创新能力和创新精神,本学期特制定如下工作计划:
1、及时做好演示实验的准备工作
物理是一门以实验为基础的学科,实验教学是物理教学的关键所在,因为物理实验教学给学生提供了更加广阔的活动空间和思维空间。实验演示能很好地激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生的观察能力,从而使学生受到科学方法的训练。而新教材中的演示实验比以前增加了许多,为此,首先要督促教师做演示实验。其次要根据教学进度和任课教师的要求,及时做好演示实验的准备工作,由实验工作被动变为主动。对于演示实验所需的仪器的种类和性能,作为一名实验员,首先要较熟悉。根据需要我校已新添许多新的仪器设备,对于这些仪器,更应尽快地熟悉其性能。若无现成的仪器,要设法用其它适当的仪器来替代。最好能自行动手制作一些简易的实验操作仪器。
2、配合任课教师做好学生的分组实验
根据物理课程教学目标和每学期的教学进度,结合本校的实际情况,与各任课教师一起,合理安排好各年级的学生分组实验。学期初要与各年级任课教师一起,制定好本学期的实验教学计划,明确各分组实验的大致时间,以便妥善安排。对于实验所需的所有仪器,最迟在上课的前一天,应重新检查一遍,在确认合格后再将之分组准备好。在无课的情况下,要积极配合任课教师做好实验时的指导工作。
另外,本学期还有一项较大的实验任务,就是初三学生的实验操作能力考核。应根据要求尽早安排好,要保证学生有足够的操作训练时间,以便保证全体学生能一次性通过。而且这项工作任务较重,需使用的实验仪器将很多,且实验时间相对集中,更增加了工作的繁重性。
3、进一步熟悉各种仪器的性能和存放情况
由于本人接手做实验室工作只有两年的时间,对许多实验仪器的性能及使用方法也不是很熟悉。因而,要设法挤出时间尽可能将各演示实验和分组实验做一下,以便
能对任课教师有所指导。另外分组实验后,对于实验仪器要做大量的归类整理工作,要使得仪器摆放有科学性、条理性,仪器的提拿要方便。所以,要尽快熟悉,特别对于各仪器的存放情况更应极早记清位置。
4、建立健全各种台帐资料,进行科学化管理
要建立健全各种台帐资料。要求所有教师做到演示实验应提前二天将实验申请单送给实验员,以便将仪器准备好。并要求教师们办理好仪器借还登记手续,对仪器的损坏更应登记清楚。分组实验应提前一周将实验通知单送给实验员,以便能够及时安排好。实验时要学生填好实验情况登记表、实验仪器对验卡及实验室使用情况记录表,并做好一些相关的台帐资料的记录。根据《国家教委仪器配备目录》所规定的分类、编号、标准数,做好实验室所有仪器的造表登记,填写好总帐册、分类帐册、物品存柜卡等,给所有仪器贴上规定的标签。
学期初,要根据需要及时做好应增加仪器的申购手续,特别是低值易耗品的申购。
学期末,要将在使用中消耗和损失的仪器设备及时做好损耗报废和损失赔偿工作,并报主管领导审批。
开展管理和实验教学研究,以提高教学仪器的完好率和实验开出率为中心课题,在任课教师配合下,边干边研究,以不断提高管理水平,进一步为教育教学服务。
5、做好实验仪器的保养及维修工作
如何发挥现有仪器的作用,提高仪器的.利用率,使仪器经久耐用,关键一点,就是要保养和维修好仪器,使仪器不丢失、不损坏。对于保养,要根据不同仪器的特点,做到防尘、防潮、防霉、防蛀、防腐、防暴、避光等等,安全卫生贯串始终。在梅雨季节,要做好实验仪器的防霉工作,注意经常地给实验室通风。为此,作为实验员要以“勤”为本,勤学习、勤动手、勤用脑,保证仪器的利用率。对于维修更是实验室工作不可缺少的一个环节,因为有些仪器经常使用必有损坏,坏的仪器就要及时修理,以节约资金,保障实验教学的正常进行。而维修需要有一定的专业知识,固要注意不断进修,以提高自己维修仪器的能力。
6、做好实验室的卫生工作
实验仪器的保养,其中主要的一点就是要做好实验室的清洁卫生工作。要保持实验室地面的清洁、门窗的光亮、桌凳的整洁。对于仪器室及实验准备室,除了要做到前面的几点外,还要保证仪器存放柜光洁无尘、仪器的光亮如新。为此,要保证做到每周一次大清扫,平时注意经常性的扫、拖、抹、擦等工作。
工作时间:8:00-18:00
电子邮件
675289112@qq.com